Why does he shift the the first person plural w Essays -

why does he shift the the first person plural we' in the final lines of the poem? The narrator feels a sense of frustration as he waits for his lover as evidenced through the first person , " I listened with heart fit to break." The shift to second person in the last lines of the poem, "And thus we sit her enow" indicates how his frustration of waiting for his lover are now appeared through her death as he has possession of her, "And I untightened next to the tress." Through her murder he has gained control of his lover now she will never leave him again. What is the effect of repeating and' Thecumulativeeffect ofand', shows the actionofPorphyria'sloveras illustrated in "And kneeled and made the cheerless grate" and shows her dominance in the relationship. This poem was written during the Victorian period- why is it important to have an understanding of this period when you read the poem It is important to understand the context of the poem as in the Victorian Period there was certain social constraints and gender expectations such as the male being dominant' and 'powerful' in a relationship. Women were also not allowed to have affairs and be dating people of lower social status to them. Without knowing it would be hard to develop a deeper understanding as to why there relationship was behind closed doors and why at first Porphyria' had more power. Thus the reason behind why she was killed. Porphyria is perfectly pure and good and thus satisfies her role as a traditional Victorian women. Why is this ironic? find quotes to support your answer. This is ironic as she subverts the 19 th century gender and relationship expectations as demonstrated through "she put my arm about her waist", to convey her control and dominance within the relationship. During this time period men were usually powerful' and dominant'. However this is not the case in her relationship. This is further supported by the use of active verbs and repetition of and' in "And kneeled and made the cheerless grate" showing her action and the fact that she is in control. What might the removal of her dipping cloak and shawl' etc be symbolic of? This shows her status , and conveys the fact that she is behind the closeddoor which is metaphoric/symbolic of her freedom from theoutside constraints. Although Porphyria's lover appears to be insane Browning is making a comment about the Victorian social class system- what do you think he is trying to say? He is trying to convey that in the Victorian Social class system women generally were not dominant and did not have power in the relationship. They were also not allowed to be have affairs. In the poem Porphyria' is dating a person on a lower social status to her which was not socially accepted in this time period and thus she had more power and control. This is why their relationship was behind closed door showing the society's opposition to their unequal match of their inequality. The poem Porphoriyas lover' was opposite to what was socially acceptable in that time period and hence leading to her lover murdering her. Extended response Browning examines the potential for tragedy when lives are controlled by thee strict social rules such as those of Victorian England Browning examines the potential for the tragedy when lives are controlled by the strict social rules such as those of Victorian England. Porphyria subverts the 19 th century expectations as demonstrated through "she put my arm about her waist", to convey her control and dominance within the relationship. Due, to the constraints of that time, the lovers meet in secret as metaphorically depicted through "she shut the storm", where the words cold' and storm' indicate society's opposition to their unequal match of inequality. The removal of her dipping cloak and shawl' indicate her status and convey the fact that she is behind closed doors which is symbolic of her freedom from the outside constraints .The persona refers to Porphyria as " To weak, for all her heart endeavour' implying that although in love with him pride' will not allow her to dissever' her' social ties' as she is vain and will not surrender her position in society.

Essay on Hamlet Final Draft

Essay on Hamlet Final Draft Essay on Hamlet Final Draft Raven Robledo Ms. Happ Shakespeare: Block 1 6 November 2014 Ophelia Chose Not To Be What would a tragedy be without death? Not a tragedy. William Shakespeare’s tragedies are famously known for their obscene violence and copious amounts of death. Hamlet, one of his most memorable plays, is no exception and does not disappoint in headcount, however one of the most striking deaths of the play is the innocent Ophelia’s. Obedient daughter of Polonius, naà ¯ve lover of Hamlet, victim to the hostile grips of politics. Although Ophelia experiences an unfortunate death, given the circumstances that lead up to her drowning, there stands the possibility that she is more aware of her situation than she lead on throughout a majority of the play and chooses to take her own life rather continuing to suffer the repercussions of other people’s actions. Ophelia lives in a politically driven world filled where spying, deceit and manipulation are typical actions to gain power. Because she does not possess any title of power or significance, to be anything but a m an in Elsinore leaves her at a disadvantage. From the time Ophelia is introduced, until later in the play when her father dies, the most the audience witnesses her do in Denmark is pine over Hamlet, and takes orders from her father Polonius and brother Laertes. This makes her inherently different from everyone else in Denmark because she an innocent girl with no apparent desire to actively seek out power. A perfect scapegoat. To worsen her position, she has faith in the men in her life which in this world, as Ian Johnston words it, â€Å"simply has no room for love† (Johnston 9). Ophelia is in the perfect situation to be manipulated and let down by Polonius and Hamlet. Hamlet seems to carry the most weight in Ophelia’s eventual spiral into madness and death. She appears to be opportunistic from her first scene because she declares to her father that she loves Hamlet and how â€Å"he hath importuned [her] with love† (1.3.119). However despite her feelings she d oes as her father tells her and breaks up with Hamlet. This moment marks a turn in Hamlet’s actions towards Ophelia as he becomes defensive and resorts to verbal attacks towards Ophelia. Both verbal interactions they have consist of Hamlet insulting Ophelia’s sexuality, but what differentiates his first attack from the second, is that the second is made public. In Act 3, Scene 2, Hamlet chooses to again verbally attack Ophelia’s sexuality with crude remarks and puns, but this time in presence of the court, publicly humiliating her. Ophelia, having clearly been in love with Hamlet, must have been not only offended but heartbroken by Hamlet’s harsh words. Each cruel word chipping away at her hope in men. Not only did Hamlet take part in deteriorating Ophelia’s faith in men, but her own father, Polonius, did as well. Her father shows no second thought in his initial use of Ophelia to determine Hamlet’s sanity by insisting she to break up with h im. However he does show some concern after forcing her to return Hamlet’s belonging to him in order to eavesdrop with Claudius. Each situation causing more issues with Hamlet, but Ophelia wants to abide by her father and assume that he’s doing what’s best. It’s not until his death that it becomes apparent that things begin to click for Ophelia. After

Would You Write Daily If You Got Paid For It

Would You Write Daily If You Got Paid For It A new UK company has launched offering aspiring novelists an alternative to publication: a salary from  £2,000 per month to write novels. De Montfort Literature (DML) will pay writers a salary to write novels which DML will then design, print, publish and promote. After salary, production and marketing costs, authors will receive a 50 percent share of the book sale profits. https://www.thebookseller.com/news/start-publishing-venture-offer-aspiring-novelists-salary-793601 Imagine having to report to work every day, sit at your desk, and produce a certain amount of work. To earn a full-time writing income, you have to write full-time. A lot of people dont like that. They think the rigorous schedule takes the fun out of writing. Well, guess what? When a hob Write every day. You get better. You get stronger. You get faster. You build confidence. You become dependable. You get to the point that whenever your butt hits the chair, your brain kicks into gear and your fingers itch to write. Its called habit. Its teaching your body what to instinctively do. And it makes a mockery out of writers block. Most authors are afraid to write daily. Those who arent, are the ones making more money. Doesnt that just make perfect sense?

The Way to Wealth Benjamin Franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Way to Wealth Benjamin Franklin - Essay Example To gain diligence, a student requires undivided attention in class and participation in group works. It is possible to reinforce diligence through readings in articles, journals and other books. A knowledgeable student possesses a large scope of understanding in the electrical concepts. Diligence allows making inferences where concepts are not well understood. Participation in class discussions should be encouraged so that students get to share views and wealth of their understanding of concepts in electricity. To gain diligence is a factor of effort by an individual. With proper understanding of electricity, a student becomes empowered to avoid accidents. The student gets to learn what to do and what to rephrase from doing in an electrical accident. People become empowered to work with electrical cables conducting high voltage due to a good understanding of electricity. Experts in the field lack tension regardless of the danger they expose themselves (Adams 18). Another aphorism inf orms the reader to do today, what he plans to do tomorrow. This indicates the need for research. To keep in pace with the demands of the current world, an electrician cannot be left behind in designing user friendly interphones in the field. It is only through research that safe methods of handling electricity can be developed. Electricity forms the driving force of many economies and gains application in many homesteads all over the world. Through research, ways of application can be reviewed, or new ways developed. New ways of generating electricity can be discovered through extensive research. It is through research that electricity can now be generated from wave tides, wind and biogas. Efficient ways of application and perhaps generation can be developed through research. With the global warming challenge, many rivers used for hydro-power generation are receding. The amounts of Kilowatts diminish continually. Nuclear generation has its share or challenges in disposal of radioact ive matter and the impact on the environment. All fields are facing various challenges prompting aggressive research to be able to sustain the world while taking care of the environment. Through research, the foreseeable problems can be solved and avoided (Hill 592). ‘A little neglect may bring enormous mischief.’ In this aphorism, the writer sought to caution against lack of attention to details. Most electrical accidents happen due to neglect. Installers leave loose live wires hanging around or bare sockets. These become lethal in the homesteads. Fires and electrocution form examples of mischief caused by neglect. Good workmanship should be encouraged to the students. This can be instilled through practical sessions to establish how keen a student remains. Electrical work is sometimes tedious and uninteresting; this may cause a person to overlook basic faults which might later develop into disastrous mistakes. Students usually lack the necessary attention while perfor ming duties. When designing a factory, for instance, careful calculations are involved. If the calculations used are wrong, installations might fail or even blow. Huge losses would be incurred due to small mistakes in calculations. This also calls for discipline and decent work ethics. Imagine the damage that would occur in the ICU unit of a referral hospital due to the negligence of an electrician. Expensive equipment would be destroyed and lives lost. Taking of shortcuts must be

Digital Media - Critical Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Digital Media - Critical Perspectives - Essay Example Firstly, we will examine the various definitions of media convergence, and then proceed to assess the forms of convergence. Secondly, we will look at its impacts and then give a conclusion. It is pertinent, before we examine the various definitions that have been advanced in favor of the term media convergence, that we understand the term new media. New media refers to the modern technological advancements that have been realized in the technology and media world. It may refer to the processes, the applications, the methodologies, or the physical gadgets. Smartphones and iPads are therefore seen as gadgets that are representative of the new media notion while applications such as social media are also perceived as new media. What then is media convergence? The term media convergence is ambiguous. This is because it denotes a wide range of meanings and cannot be said to have a strict textbook meaning (Tim, 2010). As such, various authors and scholars have advanced several definitions of the concept. Media convergence, according to Richard Gershon, can be defined as the merging together of media which were previously autonomous or distinct to create a new media dispensation (Brown, 2005). It basically means bringing together various technological platforms into one media platform. These technological platforms include software applications such as animations, the internet, and new technologies such as the Smartphone technology. Media convergence in the new media environment can also be defined as the piecing together, or the interlinking, of computing and Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). It is also defined as the synchronizing of media content that has existed since the internet came into existence, digitalization of information technology, and remodeling of old media into a format that is new (Tim, 2010). In the above definitions, convergence is understood as the bringing

Continuities and Chnages of Labor Systems in Africa Essay Example for Free

Continuities and Chnages of Labor Systems in Africa Essay Many attempts have been made around the world at reforming current legal systems in search of a better one. As the amount of crime rises worldwide, people are constantly on the lookout for new and improved ways to fight it, and prevent it. Three such attempts involving attempts to change legal systems have been discussed the last half of this course. The change from the system put in place when a country was under colonization, as in Kilamanjaro, and Papa New Guinea. An attempt to revert to the historically cultural ways of dealing with conflict, as in China and India. In addition, an attempt by the more modern industrialized societies to become more attuned to the people with whom they are trying to help, as in Japan, and Santa Anna. By studying these examples and implementing one of them, almost any kind of stagnant legal system can attempt to change for the better. Many countries were colonized throughout the history of the world, by more dominant countries. These colonizing countries often only wanted the newly acquired country for the land, resources, or the labor they could offer. Often these colonizers brought into the new country their style of government and law, neglecting the native people. Many times, this new system caused many of the problems in the colonized country. Two examples of a country being colonized and the subsequent changes that occurred once the colonizers left are in Kilamanjaro and in Papa New Guinea. Kilamanjaro was colonized first by the Germans in the mid 1880s, and then by the British during WWI, and finally gained independence in 1961 (Tanzania). Each country brought with it their own system of government and law, and attempted to impose these on the people of Kilamanjaro. To the native people, land is extremely important, and often the cause of many conflicts. There are two different types of farmland on the mountain, a high one and a low one, and coffee is the dominant cash crop. Since there isnt enough prime farming land for everybody, a system of patriarchal lineage developed where the male would give his existing compound to his oldest son, and move somewhere else inviting his youngest so to live with him, and have the farm upon his death. If there was a middle son, he was forced to operate independently. As the population continues to grow rapidly, inevitably, stress has begun to compound this system; there just isnt enough land for all the people. This led to many conflicts arising over who actually owns land, since it was essential to the survival of the people. Historically the chief was the most important people in Kilamanjaro, as he is responsible for several districts over an area. Chiefs controlled the long distance profitable trade, received half of the cattle fro the wars, could at any time call on his people to help do anything such as build a fence, and sometimes even received an extra child from his people to use as another worker. These chiefs were often fair people, they believed in not squeezing the poor but taxing the rich. They wanted to help the poor, and create a mutuality situation between them and the rich. When it came to conflict resolution chiefs were able to settle disputes, but often didnt, as many people tried to keep the dispute with in their own family or lineage. They went to the elders instead and sought their advice. A case would go to the chiefs only if deemed necessary by the elders. Under the German period of occupation, this system was altered. They insisted on recognizing the customary law and ruling through the chiefs. However they didnt really let the chiefs have any power. The Germans took over the long distance trade, wiped out warfare, and stripped from the chiefs their whole base of their power. The chiefs whole basis of power under this system was the fact the Germans recognized them as powerful. Things changed however under the British system. The British saw themselves as more advanced, and thus wanted to civilize the Africans, and help them to create a better system. What they created was a system of duality, where they used traditional law for minor infractions, and British law for the serious crimes. This again takes the power out of the traditional cultural ways of solving disputes, and places it in the colonizers. The Germans took over economically, and the British, while still taking over economically they changed the whole cultural system as well. The British sought to understand the true customary laws of the Africans, and to write them down as a means of reference for settling disputes, a practice which for centuries was never done, yet the locals always managed to solve disputes. They implemented a system of modern British laws, including imposing a statute of limitations on cases. This contradicted with the customary way the Africans dealt with things in the law. The British also wanted to systemize the law, emphasize the rule of the law, and impose their own decisions on local problems. The British also formed a duel court system, one for whites and another for Africans, as an attempt at allowing the locals to retain some form of their historical past. Overall, the British system was naive and morally based, not the way the Africans traditionally operated. Their system, of viewing everything as static and unchanging was too radical for the indigenous people to comprehend. Their whole existence has been based on the cultural laws of their people, and the implementation of those laws as elders, or chiefs saw fit. The local laws were multidimensional and could be seen in different context by the natives at different times, with the British wanting to write everything down and operate from this system of written law, the system changed and the ability of the customary law to change with the times change to. Another example of a colonizing situation was in New Guinea, where it was recently colonized by Europeans. As was the case with the Africans, New Guinea was a farming community, and thus, viewed land as an important commodity. They have a traditional system of Big Man government, no chiefs just several big men who represent the power and authority in the area. They emphasized self-help, and negotiation in their resolving conflicts, but also used the threat of fighting, and the actual fights themselves as a means of resolution. New Guinea differs from Africa in that the Europeans attempted to be less intrusive into their way of life. They patrolled the areas where the people lived, erasing the system of contacts that had been developed among the people. They tried not to be heavy handed but at the same time ruined the connections made between the people that was essential for their resolving disputes. Warfare was looked down upon, and thus the traditional way of resolving disputes was radically erased from the land. Even though the Europeans were trying to be fair and let the traditional system work, they didnt understand it. They didnt realize that these conflicts and connections were crucial to the traditional system and was needed for it to be able to operate. These two examples show the problems that colonizers have with trying to impose modernization on a society as remote and backwards as these. They have existed for centuries by their own terms, why should they change now. Legal systems change for reasons other than a dominating colonizing power forcing them to. In China for example, there has long been a history of mediation as a means of settling disputes. This history of mediation was based on the Confucianism, an ideology that emphasizes harmony and respect for one another, along with a hierarchy in all the cosmos, meaning that it emphasized people respecting and getting along with one another, even when settling disputes. It also emphasized that certain people were indeed higher in stature than others were. Mediation under this system placed a strong emphasis on the ritual, and ceremony of settling disputes. Each party in the process has a particular role, and each party is expected to perform in that role. This concept was based on the Li, or the philosophical principle that called for respect and social form. This type of mediation allowed people to save face, and not to publicly admit to wrongdoing. Once the conflict was settled, the issues surrounding the original debate were never discussed again and the partys left happy with the sense of community restored. This traditional system worked well to preserve the community of the in the traditional sense of the Chinese culture. When communism came into power this system of mediation was preserved, however, slightly altered. It became known as comrades court, which involved many people with anyone having the ability to mediate. This was a very tight association between social mediation and political ideology. It was an extreme form of exclusive mediation, as Greenhouse would have categorized it. It consisted of the political ideology being very influential, and no longer just trying to deal with the interests of the parties involved. Its goal was to educate the population in the beliefs of the government, and resolve the conflicts as quickly and efficiently as possible. Like the old system the face to face part of the process was still in use, however, one didnt know who would end up getting involved in the mediation process, and often the people feared that the government would get involved and punish them severely, possibly even by death. For this reason many people were afraid of the system and opted not to use it as readily as they had the traditional. With the opening up of China to outside influences, the system has lightly changed as well, although it is nowhere near, where it was before communism. It is still used as the first means of resolving conflicts, however, the vast majority of these cases are being dealt with on the localized level, causing many to feel more at ease with the situation. These local mediation communities are still under heavy control of the communist party, as the judges are often placed there by the party itself. Disputes since the rise of communism have been classified into two categories, those involving ordinary citizens, and those involving crimes against the state. It is where the crime is directed against the state that the process of mediation is pretty much thrown out and the accused is severely punished, prompting the fear of the public. Within both systems, mediation plays a major role, as does the bias against the use of law as a means of resolving disputes. This has led to the widespread acceptance of the mediation system under communist regime even though it differs from the traditional form of mediation. A major difference between the two systems is the way they each look at the conflict itself. In the traditional early period, conflict was seen as unavoidable, and they worked to ensure there wouldnt be future conflicts. In the communist period, they tend to see conflict as important and productive and dont attempt to appease all the parties involved in a dispute upon settling it. The major difference however, as it is in most other aspects of Chinese life, is the involvement of the state. In traditional times the state was never involved, maybe occasionally, nowadays the state plays a major role, often squashing any of the traditional characteristics of the system. The state wants its influence to be recognized, its voice to be heard, where as in the past it used to be the voice of the people that was most important, and led to the resolutions lasting and everyone being satisfied by them. The process now, while it may be inexpensive and not involving the courts, is very intrusive into peoples lives, and imposes political values on the people who bring their cases to mediation. Is it better then the traditional sense? I dont know if it is or not, it is very similar, but much like the rest of China the government sought more control in the everyday affairs of the people, and that is what is happening. A similar situation occurred in India, where there existed a complex system of conflict resolution, but upon the government wanting to modernize the country, most was thrown out. India is also another country that has been colonized, and draws a lot of its government from the British. However, once colonization ended for them, the newly free government had to decide whether or not to revert to the traditional practices of the Jati, or attempt to bring Indian law into the 21st century. Many of the hierarchy of society at the time India was granted freedom were legal professionals from the British days. They wanted to implement a British style of legal system, mainly for their own material gains, as they would be the ones who would be called on as lawyers, and judges. Many people within India opposed this system, seeing it as the culture of the oppressor. They sought to eradicate this system from their country completely. However, as the years of colonization passed the British system gradually became fused with features of the local tradition, especially the local courts system. It became less of an oppressive system and more of a working one. Today the British system has become domesticated to the Indian ways of doing things and a hybrid system has developed. It no longer seems so alien to so many Indians. This example is similar to the Chinese example as the governments of each country are trying to deal with change. In China when the communists took over they only wanted to slightly alter the existing system of mediation, while in India when the British left, the new government only wanted to slightly change the existing system. In both cases, little change was made, only enough to take into consideration the new ideologies of the new government. There is however, a strong backlash against the British system in terms of how it deals with marriage law, but I am choosing not to discuss this issue because it is abstract from the points that I am trying to make. Legal systems also change as they are deemed to be unresponsive, and to out of touch, a is the case in many of the industrialized societies of today. Two examples exist of how changes in the way police are conducting their trade has led to improvements within the society, Japan, and Santa Ana California. The Japanese have made their police much more visible, and eadily available to the public, when compared to the typical American city. This has led to them being much more accepted by the Japanese public than the American police are by our public. They have, for a long time now, abandoned the motorized form of policing in a car, and have instead opted for foot patrols. This brings the actual officer out onto the street, and gets him more involved in the affairs of the people, enabling him to be better capable of stopping trouble before it starts. The whole emphasis on the way the Japanese police has been placed in their continuing efforts to integrate with the community. A system of Kubans has been developed as a place in the community where a small number of officers are stationed. There are several Koban through out Japan, as they are the basis for the policing process. These Koban have various connections with various community groups and organization, further placing the public behind the police. Similarly, in Santa Anna California, a new system has been adopted to better integrate the police force with the people they are trying to serve. During the racially tensed 1960s the police department in the city became very out of touch with the needs of the people in Santa Anna. Police officers began to see themselves as the only form of law, and began to enact their own brand of justice. Public opinion of the department went down, as did the relationship between the department and the public. The city therefore hired a new chief whom implemented several new community oriented policies all aimed at trying to restore the trust of the public. He divided the city into four grids and flooded each with police officers, in an attempt to make the police more accessible to the public, and their concerns. He also hired several new citizens to act as officers, without the official tag of being police officers. They handled many of the mundane tasks of police work, which freed up more officers to be out in the public, exposing themselves, and attempting to prevent crime. Due to the large foreign speaking population, he also hired several citizens who could speak the languages of the people, thus making the department more accessible to those who previously have been closed out due to language barriers. Buildings were set up as a neighborhood control center for the police, but also lent it to many community functions. These buildings, which were very similar to the Koban in Japan, were an attempt to invite the public in and welcome them into the police world. As in Japan, the public was welcomed in and encouraged to make complaints, give information about possible criminal activity, or just sit down and get to know the officers. All of this was done in an attempt to win over the public, and make them feel more comfortable with the police department. It is very similar to the way the Japanese system is set up in that they both work from the grassroots level, using the human resources approach rather than an authoritative system, and the strong desire to integrate with the community, and make them feel more comfortable with the police. As I have demonstrated, changes have taken place in legal systems around the world, some for the better and some not. However, they all end up, in one way or another to reflect the belief that traditional methods are best. Without any inclusion of traditional methods law itself wouldnt be able to be applied to masses of people.

Critical Analysis of an Incident Essay -- Nursing Reflective Practice

Introduction The intention of this written essay is to demonstrate an understanding of my views on the art and science of reflection and the issues surrounding reflective practice. It is based on a significant incident from my own area of clinical practice as a state registered paramedic within the U.K. There is a discussion appraising the concept of reflection both generally, and in my particular area of practice. This is followed by an analysis of the incident using The What ? Model of Structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000). A rationale is given for the selection of this particular incident and also for the selection of the chosen model as a framework. It will show how the model has been used to reflect on the incident, what has been learnt, and the outcome on both current and future practice. Reflection is an active process of witnessing one’s own experience so that we can take a closer look at it. It has its foundations in the discipline of experiential learning. Dewey (1939 cited in Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper 2001) claimed that we learn by doing, and realising what came of what we did. â€Å"Reflective practice is something more than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice which seeks to problematise many situations of professional performance so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through their practice† Jarvis P. (1992) pp174 -181. Johns, C (2000a) pg 34, describes reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his own lived experience in ways that enable him to confront, understand and work towards resol... ...pman, C.M. (1988) Professional and Ethical Issues in Nursing: The Code of Professional Conduct: Chichester; J. Willey & Sons Ltd. Jarvis, P. (1992) Reflective practice and nursing, in Nurse Education Today, Vol 12, No.3 pp 174 - 181 Johns, C (2000a) Becoming a Reflective Practitioner; Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Chapter 3 pg 34 Johns, C. (2000b) Becoming a Reflective Practitioner: Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. Chapter 3 pg 36 Procter, B. (1986) Supervision: a co-operative exercise in accountability: Routledge U.K. pg 23 Rolf, G., Freshwater, D. and Jasper M. (2001) Critical reflection for nursing and the helping professions: a users guide. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Roth, P.A. (1989) What is reflective practice? (Internet) Available from http://www/lovehealth.org/tools/reflection2.htm (accessed on 21 December 2006)